Six Sigma Statistical Terms
LOWER CONTROL LIMIT
A horizontal dotted line plotted on a control chart which represents the lowest process deviation that should occur if the process is in control (free from assignable cause variation).
MASTER BLACK BELT
A person who is “expert” on Six Sigma techniques and on project implementation. Master Black Belts play a major role in training, coaching and in removing barriers to successful project execution in addition to overall promotion of the Six Sigma philosophy.
MEAN See AVERAGE.
MEAN TIME BETWEEN
Average time to failure for a statistically significant
FAILURES (MTBF)
Population of product operating in its normal environment.
MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS
Means of evaluating a continuous or discrete
ANALYSIS (MSA)
Measurement system to quantify the amount of variation contributed by the measurement system. Refer to Automotive Std. (AIAG STD) for details.
MEDIAN
The mid value in a group of measurements when ordered from low to high.
MINITAB
Statistical software package that operates on Microsoft Windows with a spreadsheet format and has powerful statistical analysis ability.
MISTAKE PROOFING
Mistake proofing is a proactive technique used to positively prevent errors from occurring.
MIXED EFFECTS MODEL
Contains elements of both the fixed and random effects models.
MULTI-VARI
Method used in the measure/analyze phase of Six Sigma to display in graphical terms the variation within parts, machines, or processes between machines or process parts, and over time.
NONCONFORMING UNIT
A unit which does not conform to one or more specifications, standards, and/or requirements.
NONCONFORMITY
A condition within a unit which does not conform to some specific specification, standard, and/or requirement; often referred to as a defect; any given nonconforming unit can have the potential for more than one nonconformity.
NORMAL DISTRIBUTION
A continuous, symmetrical density function characterized by a bell-shaped curve, e.g., distribution of sampling averages.
NORMALIZED ROLLED
The estimate of the average process yield used to
THROUGHPUT YIELD (RYTN)
Determine RTY. It is determined by taking the nth root of the RTY (where “n” is the # process step) included in the RTY calculation
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