Six Sigma Glossary
Benchmarking
An improvement process whereby a company measures its performance against that of best-in-class
companies, determines how those companies achieved their performance levels, and uses the information to improve its own performance.
Black Belt
Full-time Six Sigma project leader who is certified following a four-month training and application program and successful completion of two Six Sigma Projects, the first under the guidance of a Master Black Belt, the second more autonomously.
“Breakthrough Strategy”
The data driven, Six Sigma process improvement strategy involving four phases:Measure, Analyze, Improve and Control.
Cause
That which produces an effect or brings about change.
Cause-And-Effect Diagram
A schematic sketch, usually resembling a fishbone, which illustrates the main causes and sub causes leading to an effect (symptom). Also known as Fishbone Diagram.
Champion
Member of the senior management who has undergone extensive Six Sigma training. Champions provide direction, resources and support to the Six Sigma effort and approve and review projects.
Characteristic
A definable or measurable feature of a process, product or variable.
Control Chart
A graphical rendition of a characteristic’s performance across time in relation to its natural limits and central tendency.
Correlation
The determination of the effect of one variable upon another in a dependent situation.
Cp
A widely used capability index for process capability studies. It may range in value from zero to infinity with a larger value indicating a more capable process. Six Sigma represents Cp of 2.0.
Cpk
An index combining Cp and K (Difference between the process mean and the specification mean) to determine whether the process will produce units within tolerance. Cpk is always less than or equal to Cp. When the process is centered at nominal, Cpk is equal to Cp.
Critical To Quality (CTQ)
An element of a design or a characteristic of a part that is essential to quality in the eyes of the customer, formerly known as a key quality characteristic (KQC).
Data
Factual information used as a basis for reasoning, discussion or calculation; often refers to quantitative information.
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