Six Sigma Glossary
Gage Repeatability & Reproducibility (Gage R&R)
A measurement system evaluation to determine equipment variation and appraiser variation. This study is critical to ensure that the collected data is accurate.
Histogram
Vertical display of a population distribution in terms of frequencies; a formal method of plotting a frequency distribution.
Independent Variable
A controlled variable; a variable whose value is independent of the value of another variable.
Interaction
When the effects of a factor A are not the same at all levels of another factor B.
Lower Control Limit
A horizontal dotted line plotted on a control chart which represents the lower process limit capabilities of a process.
Master Black Belt
An expert in quality techniques specially trained to advise leaders, facilitate quality teams and accelerate process improvement. Master Black Belts select, train and mentor Black Belts; develop and implement the Six Sigma deployment plan; and select and ensure completion of Six Sigma projects.
Nonconformity
A condition within a unit which does not conform to some specification, standard, and/or requirement; often referred to as a defect; any given nonconforming unit can have the potential for more than one nonconformity.
Normal Distribution
A continuous symmetrical density function characterized by a bell-shaped curve, e.g., distribution of sampling averages.
Pareto Diagram
A chart which ranks, or places in order, common occurrences.
Primary Control Variables
The major independent variables used in the experiment.
Probability
The chance of something happening; the percent or number of occurrences over a large number of trails.
Process
A particular method of doing something, generally involving a number of steps or operations.
Process Capability
The relative ability of any process to produce consistent results centered on a desired target value when measured over time.
Process Control Chart
Any of a number of various types of graphs upon which data are plotted against specific control limits.
Process Map
Flow chart to analyze a process by breaking it down into its component steps, and then gaining a better understanding of the process, step-by-step.
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